Information Systems and Law Enforcement free essay sample

Over the last decade, computer and telecommunications technologies have developed at an extraordinary rate. Increased computer power, advances In data transmission and attractive and user-friendly graphic interfaces present law enforcement agencies with unprecedented capacity to collect, store, analyze and share data with stakeholders inside and outside of government(Richter, 2001). Ultimately, information technology represents a tool to help law enforcement achieve it broadened and increasingly complex mission.This holds true for the past and the future. Historically, the Innovation of Information systems has served as the catalyst for dramatic changes In the organization of police work and has presented OTOH opportunities and challenges to police and other criminal justice practitioners, according adjacent Chain (Richter, 2001). Noting that information is the stock-in trade of policing. In 1967, under the FBI director J. Edgar Hoover the National Crime Information Center (NIACIN) database was created.The NIACIN is the United States central database for tracking crime-related Information. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems and Law Enforcement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While most Information Is maintained and stored on FBI Infrastructure, not all Information In the NIACIN Is stored on FBI servers. Information such as in-state criminal histories, drivers license, icicle registration and in-state warrants are maintained on the state level. Because the NIACIN is an intertwined system, most information maintained on the state level is available to any authorized agency.Recently, the Electronic Privacy Information Center has raised concerns over the validity of information in the NIACIN database. A broad coalition of organizations across the United States has endorsed a letter urging the reestablishment of accuracy requirements for the Bis National Crime Information Center (NIACIN), the nations largest criminal justice database. More than 3,000 individuals from 47 states and the District of Columbia have signed an online petition to the Office of Management and Budget (MOB) also supporting the Privacy Act accuracy requirements(Wisped. Erg) The Chicago Police Department (CAP) has been at the forefront of the Information technology race in law enforcement. Over the last decade the CAP has Introduced a number of Information systems policing process. One of the systems that is making a difference for the CAP is the CLEAR system. The Citizen and Law Enforcement Analysis and Reporting (CLEAR) yester was developed to harness information to more effectively manage the department, strengthen community partnerships and share data with other criminal justice systems. CLEAR was created to manage information flow. Under CLEAR, the CAP has developed a Records Management System that employs nine operational systems which include ; Fingerprints Mug shots Criminal History record indemnification Internal inspections External complaints Has CLEAR made a difference? According to CAP CLEAR has eliminated redundant data entry and helped in developing management reports. (5) Because there is only en information system, all stakeholders will need to learn only one system. As a result of this system, as it is modified is said to allow police personnel more time to solve crime(Richter, P. 3).There is nothing but the future for information systems and information technology concerning law enforcement. On Novo 16 2006 the Dallas City Council gave final approval for Dallas departments of police, fire and aviation to be the first subscribers to COCO Communications Service. The service allows the agencies to have access to this encrypted network allowing them to communicate ice, video and data easily with each other using their existing radios and networks(Government Technology) coco Communications software protocol rides on top of existing network infrastructures. The protocol eliminates communication breakdowns created by systems that use differing frequencies or operating systems. The service integrates with wireless carriers, extending access to the service and allows radios, laptops, cell phones and Pads to communicate across the network(Government Technology). The result will be that users will be able to converse with their colleagues as well as other federal, state and local agencies on he network to share critical information during emergency situations or for normal day to day activities.Creative uses and development of new information technology and systems have the potential to increase the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in fulfilling its complex mission of today. This includes the increased demands in the post 911 world. Implementing such systems faces a host of challenges. Acceptance by local, state and federal governments are always a hinder. Privacy and security concerns always generate controversy. But the number one halogen of implementing new systems and technology is how to pay for them.

Observation, use your 5 senses to describe a scene.

Observation, use your 5 senses to describe a scene. I‚m sitting at an outdoor cafÂÆ'Â © in Skopje, Macedonia, having Turkish coffee with my friend, Adelina. The coffee is strong and thick, has the consistency of mud, but it is really sweet. Its late afternoon, but I still feel drunk and a little dizzy from all the ouzo and wine we had drank the night before. It‚s pretty windy but still warm. Every couple of minutes or so, a cool breeze hits us from where the river runs through the heart of the city about a block away and fills the area with the smell of wild flowers and fresh coffee for a few seconds, then it clears and we‚re back to the regular smell of diesel engines and cigarette smoke that you would expect to smell in a European city.If I try real hard, I can sometimes focus my attention to the sound of the wind blowing through the trees or leaves sweeping across the ground instead of loud buses, cars honking their horns and people yelling and speaking in a strange language.English: Turkish coffee at Cairo HiltonI lo ok at Adelina, and I can see that she is enjoying herself as well, even though we‚re not talking. We‚re both just sitting here, enjoying our surroundings and each other‚s presence. She hasn‚t stopped smoking since we sat down. She uses the last of the cigarette she smokes to light the next one before she puts it out. Her hair is a mess, and her sunglasses have definitely seen better days, they look like someone must sat on them and. She looks funny, but beautiful and perfect at the same time.There are pigeons everywhere‚…on the sidewalk, on the floor, in the trees and in the bushes behind me. I wonder if this is really their city we‚re in, and they‚re just gracious...

Largest Cities in the World

Largest Cities in the World The 9th edition of the National Geographic Atlas of the World, published in 2011, estimated the urban area population of the worlds largest cities, those with a population above 10 million people, which they termed megacities. The population estimates for the worlds largest cities below are based on population estimates from 2007. Population numbers for the worlds largest cities are rounded since they are incredibly difficult to determine precisely; millions within most megacities live in poverty in shantytowns or other areas where accurate census taking is near impossible. The following eighteen largest cities in the world are all those with a population of 11 million or more, based on the National Geographic atlas data. 1. Tokyo, Japan - 35.7 million 2. Mexico City, Mexico - 19 million (tie) 2. Mumbai, India - 19 million (tie) 2. New York City, United States - 19 million (tie) 5. Sao Paulo, Brazil - 18.8 million 6. Delhi, India - 15.9 million 7. Shanghai, China - 15 million 8. Kolkata, India - 14.8 million 9. Dhaka, Bangladesh - 13.5 million 10. Jakarta, Indonesia - 13.2 million 11. Los Angeles, United States - 12.5 million 12. Buenos Aires, Argentina - 12.3 million 13. Karachi, Pakistan - 12.1 million 14. Cairo, Egypt - 11.9 million 15. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - 11.7 million 16. Osaka-Kobe, Japan - 11.3 million 17. Manila, Philippines - 11.1 million (tie) 17. Beijing, China - 11.1 million (tie) Additional lists of population estimates for the largest cities in the world can be found in my Largest Cities of the World collection of lists.

Integrated Marketing Communication Program for Zamda Motors Research Paper

Integrated Marketing Communication Program for Zamda Motors - Research Paper Example Integrated marketing communication is the process of developing and implementing various forms of persuasive communication programs with customers and prospects with a view to influence and directly affects the behavior selected market audience (Percy, p. 6). IMC refers to a careful coordination of various promotional messages including traditional advertising, sales promotions, personal selling, event marketing, public relation etc for marketing a particular product or service with a basic objective of maintaining consistency in information to be conveyed to the prospective customers. Yeshin (p. 14) emphasized that the underlying requirement of integrated marketing communication is to ensure maximum consistency in message being communicated to the public as it forces all aspects of communication programs to deliver a single-minded and unified message to the audience. Weiss stressed that the marketer needs to have graphic consistency and message consistency throughout every communica tion emanating from his organization.  Ã‚   Integrated marketing communication is a strategic tool that helps a marketer plan, design and develop coordinated, systematic and measurable brand communication program with customers, employees and other important stakeholders to ensure short term financial benefits as well as long term brand value.     Marketing mix and IMC In an attempt to prepare an IMC project for Zamda motors, it is worth explaining the concepts of marketing mix to illustrate how various marketing elements of the company are coordinated. Traditionally, the marketing mix comprises of four marketing elements; product, price, place and promotion. Many literatures have suggested adding people, process and physical evidence (Palmer, p. 259).   IMC is related to the promotion mix of marketing mix. Promotion, the fourth element of marketing mix, consists of five sub-elements; they are advertising, consumer promotions, personal selling, direct marketing and public re lation. While planning for an effective marketing communication program, it is highly important to consider evaluating all the four marketing mix and sub-elements of the company in order to carefully coordinate the message to be conveyed to the targeted audience.

Market Expansion and Segmentation factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Market Expansion and Segmentation factors - Essay Example The economic context of the potential market is equally important in the decision-making process regarding the market expansion. From a critical point of view, the economic conditions of a given region will shape the consumption pattern of the people living within the market frame. In this case, therefore, the company should consider expanding into areas where the employment rate is relatively favorable. An employed society will have a better consumption power, which will increase the estimated profit margins of Runjhun Jewelry. Specifically, the expected economy should be a middle-income economy, which is characterized by a society with disposable income. On the need as well as the utility, most luxury goods tend to thrive in markets where the people have disposable income. Political and legal factors The political environment is equally imperative in the identification of new markets. Governmental policies regarding foreign direct investments affect cross-border expansions of various companies. In this case, therefore, the given market should have fair governmental policies as well as reduced tariffs, which act as impediments international trade and globalization (Art, 2014). With the elimination of these barriers, the exotic Indian jewelry will reach the intended market hence a better company performance regarding revenue and market share. In conclusion, the expansion of the company’s operations into other countries will be successful if the discussed guidelines are adopted.

Plain Packaging on Cigarettes Essay Example for Free

Plain Packaging on Cigarettes Essay Tobacco laws have started as early as the 1970s (ACOSH, 2010). Government has implanted laws, such that of the Tobacco Act (1987), which goals are to discourage the smoking of tobacco, encouraging non-smokers; in particular young people to not start smoking, to limit the exposure of children and young people to the persuasion of smoking, to encourage and assists smokers to give up smoking, and finally the promotion of good well being and illness prevention. The tobacco act of 1897, had over the years since, been reformed, and it seems like there is no stopping now. To further reinforce its initial goal, recently the Australian government reformed this Tobacco Act. The Australian government had announced, the 25% increase in tobacco tax, plain packaging on tobacco products to be implemented in the near future of 2012, ban on tobacco advertisement on the internet, as well as major increase in funding for tobacco media campaigns (ACOSH, 2010). The implementation of plain packaging on tobacco products of the announcement fueled a major debate with very opposing views. Those against tobacco plain packaging bring up issues of illicit trading, trademark rights, and lack of evidence; that plain packaging would in fact reduce cigarette consumptions (PMI, 2010). On the contrary, anti-smoking groups and health advocates, such as World Health Organizations (WHO), Cancer Council Australia (CCA, 2010) fully supports the new reformation to the Tobacco Act. They argue that plain packing would make cigarettes less appealing, and eliminates any last straw of advertisements, which the tobacco companies have put in placed, to begin with, to promote consumption of their tobacco products. Firstly, Tobacco Companies argue that plain packaging implementation is an unintelligent move on the government. Tobacco companies propose that plain packaging would promote illicit trading. Philip Morris international (PMI), one of the leading international tobacco companies views are that they are opposing the legislation mandating plain packaging. PMI state that they support effective regulation of tobacco based on harm reduction (PMIMSA, 2010). However they feel that plain packaging is too extreme, and that the government has gone too far. PMI states that Plain packaging would be easier to be counterfeited, as the plain packaging are simple and are not designed uniquely. This illicit trading would cause a major loss in the government revenue, stating that the government would lose an estimated of $40. 5 billions of dollars annually (PMIMSA, 2010). With illicit trading the Tobacco Company also believed that it will spark a new problem; that the counterfeited tobacco products would be more harmful to smokers. Tobacco Company believes that with the counterfeit tobacco products, consumers are not guaranteed that their products are safe, because of poor quality, since it has been found that counterfeited products of tobacco contains â€Å"rat droppings, fiber glass†¦ and high levels of toxic chemicals. † (PMIMSA, 2010). Another large tobacco company, British American Tobacco Australia, along with the PMI, have tried to make aware that plain packaging would also cause harm to retailers of local business, stating that it would cause retailers great confusion and inconvenience (ARR, 2010). It would inconvenience retailers, because all packets would look the same, and thus taking them longer to make transactions with customers. Retailer is also made to believe that with more time spent on one transaction it would result security issues, as they would not be able to pay more attention to their shop (PMIMSA, 2010). As well as illicit trading and inconveniencing issues, Tobacco Companies do not approve the plain packaging because it violates trademark rights. With the removal of current packaging and the implementation of plain packaging, it breaches intellectual property rights (Casben, 2010). According to Canadian Health Minister David Dingwall, plain packaging would â€Å"violate trademarks and constitutional rights† (PMIMSA, 2010) Finally, tobacco companies say that there is no evidence which proves that plain packaging would in fact reduce smoking. Arguing that young adolescence first encounter with cigarettes, are in most case, a single cigarette already taken out of the pack and handed to them from their peers. Nonetheless, Government with the support of anti-smoking and health advocate believes that with the plain packaging implements taking place, it will reduce smoking and consequently allow smokers to have the opportunity to break the habit. Plain packaging of tobacco is like removing the force which drives young adolescence to take up smoking, as well as to remove any temptations and promotion to ex-smokers as well as active smokers (Freeman, Chapman, Rimmer, 2008) Advertisements main objectives are to promote the selling of their products to consumers. They are meant to appeal to many people by their use of puns, catchy phrases, and the messages that sends out â€Å"glamour†, causing it to be an object desire. The ban of advertisement on tobacco products in the media, billboards, and eventually the Point of Sale Advertising regulations under the Tobacco Control Act (1990), which prohibits tobacco advertising outside of shops or in view of public places, leaves the tobacco companies, the need to use smarter ways to sell their products. The package of cigarettes currently, does exactly this, it promotes smoking and â€Å"it’s the only mechanism remaining to make the link explicit between the package and the imagery created†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (CCS, 1993). Plain packaging, as explained by Fiona Sharkie (2010), the executive director of Quit, in the article, Big tobaccos coughing fit a big tick for plain packaging, would mean that â€Å"Cigarette packets will no longer feature a colorful, flashy mini-billboard, communicating images of desirability and glamour The brand name will be featured in a mandated size and font, alongside an enlarged graphic health warning,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  on either a white or brown colored background. Studies have shown (Freeman, Chapman, Rimmer, 2008), which provides evidence that plain packs would be perceived as dull and boring as well as cheap looking hence reducing the flair and appeal associated with smoking. The idea surrounding plain packaging, however seems to be unsuccessful to active smokers, a person stating in the article, Tobacco companies rally against plain packaging (2010), that I dont go into the shop and go, hmm, which one is going to look prettiest this week. I have a particular brand that I smoke and have smoked for quite a long time and will continue to smoke those. This reformation however, are not to target active smokers primarily, it is design to stop young children to be tempted to try because of the constant bombarding the desirable, colorful packages of cigarettes (Casben, 2010). Children even though are not seeing the advertisement in the media per se, encounters cigarettes packages everyday and everywhere. We have failed to remove the last promotion of cigarettes, which are unconsciously being fed to them constantly through packages. Further by removing the packaging, not only we would eradicate all forms of advertisements, it would also remove the visibility on the shelf to the population. The plain packaging would reinforce to ex-smokers that, the government are supporting their actions. Ex-smokers would no longer be reminded of their bad habits and will never be tempted to take on smoking once again. The plain packaging which would contain, large warning sign, would be seen in the eyes of young children, as harmful substances. This would decline their desire to try. These labels would only projects cigarettes as one thing; POISON. The tobacco company remains certain that plain packaging would not be efficient. They are fighting very hard in order to stop this Act from taking place. The negative attitude towards this reformations, speaks loudly and clearly, that they are afraid that the new reforms might in fact be effective. Government should, in my opinion, ensure that plain packaging, which is due to be implemented on 2012, be carried out. Tobacco has already shaped the society this far, and would continue to shape our society for the many years to come. It would remain as ongoing issue. Clearly the prohibition of this product would not be a smart option, and certainly not a solution to our problem. Thus, governments should continue to make changes to the Tobacco Act. Even though these laws may not be a 100% in its efficiency would provide a long term goal in reducing smoking amongst active smokers and keeping the younger generation from taking up smoking. Since there are some degree of correlation between plain packaging and reduction of cigarette consumption (Freeman, Chapman, Rimmer, 2008), plain packaging should be given an opportunity. It is at the very least; better to have tried, than turning a blind eye and saying that wont work therefore should not try. Reference http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-04-29/tobacco-companies-rally-against-plain-packaging/414540

There are no Children Here Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alex Kotlowitz’s book, There are No Children Here, is a story about two boys, Pharoah and Lafeyette Rivers growing in the late 1980’s in Henry Horner, a housing project in Chicago. The boys try to retain their youth while they see constant gang violence, death of close friends, their brother in jail and their dad struggling with a drug addiction. In Horner, there are two gangs that claim it as their turf, and the Rivers family is constantly ducking from shots of gunfire there. They live in an overcrowded apartment with leaky facets, heating problems and animal carcasses in the basement. The boys’ mother, LaJoe, tries to keep them away from gangs and violence since her eldest children fell to the harsh reality of the neighborhood. The children constantly have to protect themselves from danger and quickly lost their childhood along the way. LaJoe even has to purchase burial insurance for her children because she fears the worst due to the severity of Horner. The boys find it difficult to have friends because most of the other children are involved in drugs and gangs. Pharoah desperately tries to cling to his innocence and is very conscientious in his studies. Unfortunately, Lafeyette made friends with a mischievous boy named Rickey and was lured into a gang. There are many problems in the neighborhood and even with LaJoe’s positive and upbeat attitude, she cannot move her family out of the projects. Luckily, Kotlowitz is able to fund the boys’ education to attend a private school. Even though this helps them receive a better education, they are still faced with other problems. The Ecological Theory is strongly related to the theme of family in violence in this novel. This theory examines how children develop based on the environment that his/her family resides. The development of a child is based on the interactions between their biology, family and community. To fully understand the development of Pharoah and Lafeyette, we have to understand the context in which they live: both their family environment and their global environment. By keeping them away from the violent subculture as much as she could, the less they were able to conform to the norm and resort to violence. According to this theory, external forces can influence the development of emotions. A child can mature a lot quicker when they are placed in an environmen... ...y other child but because of their environment, they have a different perspective on life. This book also made me realized that I should not take my life for granted. I think that many people, myself included, fail to realize that this type of poverty does not just exist in third world countries, they exist in America. I think that all people need to realize something like this either by reading a book or by becoming involved in volunteer work in that type of environment. We live with blinders on and for a change to occur, people need to become more aware of the problems others face. I have learned that children who are easily influenced by their peers may become gang members and involved in drugs. These kids who live in the projects are just kids and should not have to lose their childhood and innocence at such an early age. My increased knowledge on this topic makes me want to help these children. I am going to college to become a School Psychologist and I know the impact of this book will carry on with me in my career. I now feel that I have a better insight about the true problems that exist in this type of environment and will be better prepared if I will be working in it.

Adolescence problems Essay

Adolescence describes the teenage years between 13 and 19 and can be considered the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood. However, the physical and psychological changes that occur in adolescence can start earlier, during the preteen or â€Å"tween† years (ages 9-12). Adolescence can be a time of both disorientation and discovery. The transitional period can bring up issues of independence and self-identity. Sometimes adolescents may be experimenting with drugs and alcohol or sexuality. During this time, peer groups and external appearance tend to increase in importance. Home BiologyHuman Population and Health Top Problems of Adolescence Most problems of adolescence are due to failure in understanding the anatomical, morphological and psychological changes expected during adolescence. Psychologically, adolescence is such a vulnerable stage that boys / girls of this age are easily carried away by perceptions generated by Misleading and misguiding parents, teachers, friends, brother/sisters. Ignorance of elders. Half – informed or ill – informed friends, brothers, sisters. Wrongful messages depicted through TV serials, advertisements, films Publications carrying partially or fully false information. Such perceptions can be anything in the range of studies, sex, society, married life, career, religion, politics, or any relevant subject. Every adolescent boy or girl is prone to such exposures – which ultimately are retained as perceptions in their minds to form their behavioural patterns. The problems of adolescence are classified as morphological / developmental psychological social educational Some problems are absolutely unimportant and trivial. They could be easily ignored. But even such problems cause great concern to adolescent people. Psychological Problems 3. Social 4. Educational 5. Social Implications Morphological / Developmental Problems Back to Top over growth of hair or undergrowth of hair over weight and underweight skin colour problems Facial deformities, pimples, etc. Limb deformities Abnormal growth of genitals and breasts. Psychological Problems Back to Top Ignorance about many basic facts leads to psychological problems like Misconceptions about sexual feelings, sex related issues. Misconceptions about child birth, reproduction. Misconceptions about coitus, menstrual cycles. Fear about sex and sexual issues. Guilt feeling about sex related issues. Inferiority / Superiority complex about skin colour, beauty, mental ability and IQ. Inexplicable perceptions about dress and fashion codes. Wrong and unrealistic ideologies about friendship and courtship. Perceptional or communicational or preconceived complications about their teachers and parents. Attraction towards opposite sex. Unrealistic and illogical curiosity about sex and sex related issues. Exceptional vulnerability to suicide psychology. Social Back to Top Anticipated unemployment and insecurity due to unemployment. Unwarranted and inexplicable hatredness towards brother / sisters, friends. Intense closeness with brothers / sisters, friends. Unpredictable and volatile relationships with friends. Unrealistic social perceptions about violence, love, sex as influenced by media. Unusually vulnerable and volatile relations with relatives. Fear / imagination about married life, life partners. Educational Back to Top Tensions of attending the classes, examinations and tests. Low IQ feeling. Fear about failure in examination. Fear about low score. Fear and concern about a future career. Misconceptions about teachers. Due to many problems faced during adolescence, the boys and girls of the age between 8 – 16 form a separate category by themselves. Their problems are specific to themselves. Most of the problems faced by them are perceptional. By timely and effective guidance – many of their problems could be solved. Some of them may need medical / psychiatric attention. In India, the parents influence their behaviour, thoughts and are in position to solve many problems – if they have positive approach. Despite all efforts being made by parents, teachers, large number of adolescents face one or many problems. When the problem is aggravated, the parents may take them to doctors. But most of them face minor problems – modifying their behavioural patterns, personality as a whole. The implications of problems in adolescence can be moral or social. Social Implications Back to Top Future citizen may have a high IQ due to positive thinking and reorientation of their mental resources towards positive personality development. A section of future population may turn into disgruntled, impatient group of people due to grooming of misconceptions about society, love, law, relations, etc. Due to wrong educational policies and ever growing unemployment problems – a section of population may turn hostile against the whole society, which breeds and deepens the antisocial activities and perverted thinking. Many of the wrong perception about sex related problems may lead them to unwanted motherhood, anxiety or illegal termination of pregnancy. Some problems during adolescence are decisive in building the personalities (positive and negative) – who may or may not utilize the opportunities open to them during their later life. When teachers, parents, brothers /sisters or any close person has positive dominant personality to effectively guide the adolescent at right time – they turn out to be very useful section of future population. Imaginary fear, imaginary anxieties and unrealistic expectations as well as host of strong misconceptions may ultimately end up with personalities of negative / perverted thoughts. In extreme disillusions, tension, wrongful personality and maladjustments – a section of population may have to be psychiatric patients. Psychosis of mild nature may remain untreated and unnoticed. Such people will not do anything useful to the society or their families. Adolescent being influenced by mass media like electronic media, print media or computer culture – may be guided or misguided by such exposure. When misguided – they are likely to develop negative perception about many social values. The social implications of adolescent problems are dependent upon social structure. In a country like India – where family ties are strong due to emotional, financial, religious attachments – the gravity of implications are less. But in an individualistic society like US / Europe – where family ties are shallow – the gravity of implications can be far more serious. Finding help for families, teenagers and children can be a challenge. But there is good news. Information and referral systems are available from our schools, medical offices, news magazines, the yellow pages and even the Internet. Many parents are finding help and discovering resources by asking family, friends and their co-workers. In fact, information and referrals based on a personal recommendation is a great way to find help. Unfortunately, finding help for children and families has become more  difficult than finding help for most adults problems. For instance, health insurance has many restrictions that limit who you can see and what services they can provide. Most of the problems that families and children face are not covered and only certain diagnoses will be treated. Public programs across the country lack adequate funding. The schools have programs, but they desperately need more staff and money to meet the demands that currently exist. There are many private counselors who work with children, but there are only a few who work with families and children who have serious behavioral and emotional problems. The consequence when children don’t get the help they need can be tragic. Parents and families give up when they don’t know what to do, when they are discouraged and when they lack adequate information. Finding and getting help means you need to get oriented and understand the problems and potential solutions. Behavior Problems. In order to deal with a problem it will help a great deal if parents can describe the problem in terms that may lead to a solution. Here are the problems that I see parents and their children facing. Many of these will surface in small children or they may not appear until children become teenagers. Social withdrawal and isolation – Refusal to go to school – Demanding and selfish attitude – Disregard for rules, responsibilities and family functioning – Poor study behavior and skills – Unfocused or disruptive behavior in classroom – Grades and school performance dropping – Erratic or emotionally unstable behavior – Poor hygiene and grooming – Behavior is disrespectful or defiant Involved in high risk and reckless activities – Using alcohol or other drugs – Skipping school – Stealing or theft – Destructive, threatening or violent behavior – Self-harming or suicidal behavior Typical Causes. It takes time for problems to become critical, life threatening or intolerable. At some point, one can trace the cause to one or more factors. A pattern of problems will usually occur over time before a problem becomes a crisis. Identifying these factors can help characterize the evolution of a problem or a crisis, the appropriate response and the potential solution that may be necessary. – â€Å"Brittle† or fragile emotional temperament – Social demands exceed current ability – Peer and social pressures – Failure to provide rules, discipline and a bonded relationship with a child – Parental divorce or separation Family conflict and discord – Neglect or abandonment – Traumatic experience – Undiagnosed medical or psychological problem – Untreated parental alcoholism, drug abuse or mental disorder – Alcohol and other drug use What are the Solutions?. The first step is to define the problem and a potential cause. After that, you need to explore potential solutions. There are at least several dozen potential solutions to any problem. That is a lot to consider. Unfortunately, access to many of these resources may depend on the parent’s employment benefits and their income. Many public programs have waiting lists and may exclude children if the problem is not severe enough. Exclusion from public programs does not mean the problem is minor. Many programs are full and can only take children with more severe problems. The following is a partial list of potential solutions. – Self-help – Parenting education and training – Individual counseling and therapy – Group counseling and therapy – Parenting consultation and advice – Family counseling and therapy – Increased parental involvement and supervision – Tutoring – Special education programs – Change schools – Outdoor activities or adventure programs – Move to a new area – Parenting by other family members – Foster care – Health and human service case management – Private school – Day treatment therapy program – Boarding school – Therapeutic boarding school – Residential treatment program – Medication intervention – Psychiatric hospitalization – Police or law enforcement response Diagnosis can be misleading. There are many ways to define problems. One of the least useful and potentially harmful is to rely entirely on a diagnosis. A diagnosis alone can be misleading. Many problems are not solved because the problem was diagnosed, the underlying problems were missed or ignored, and the diagnosis suggested an approach that was inadequate and unfocused. A diagnosis can create a false sense of certainty. Why? Because the diagnostic procedures used in mental health are not much more sophisticated than one used to diagnose a headache or a stomach ache. For instance, there are many forms of headaches and stomach aches. There are many things that can cause a headache – a tumor, tension, injury, eye strain, diet, disease, flu, allergies, a cold or bacterial infections etc.. In mental health, no matter how rigidly we use diagnostic criteria, or how sophisticated the interview process, we are still looking at patterns that have many origins. There can be many sources and causes for a particular problem – especially family problems that involve children. A traumatic experience can result in many different problems. The behaviors associated with attention deficits and hyperactivity can be caused and maintained by many things. As a result, there are many potential outcomes and approaches, and these can vary with each family, their beliefs, values, attitudes, culture, ethnicity and their resources. Parents need more than a diagnosis. It helps to understand a problem in a manner that can tell us how a potential solution may work. It’s not enough to say that a child is depressed and they need to talk to a counselor. A child who is living in an abusive home may be depressed and emotionally withdrawn, but they don’t necessarily need therapy to express their emotions. The family may be the more important focus and the most important part of the solution. Counseling and Therapy. Counseling and therapy is a mixed bag as far as solutions go. There are more than 200 types of counselors and therapists. Trying to find the right one can be overwhelming or end up a waste of time. There is also a great deal of similarity between some counselors and some therapists. Counseling is not therapy. Counseling usually results in a realization, a plan or a decision. A therapist provides an environment of activities that bring about change – almost like exercise. There are no simple words of advice or a formula that will absolutely insure that your family or child will find the right person. Trial and error may be required. But there are four guidelines that have been shown to increase the likelihood of success. Become invested. Educate yourself, gather information and become actively invested in understanding the problem and selecting a counselor or therapist. – Learn how it works. Don’t select a particular counselor or therapist unless you believe they can clearly describe the problem, how their approach to therapy or counseling works, and how that approach will resolve the problem. – The relationship heals. The relationship you and your child have with a counselor or therapist as well as their approach are equally important. Work with people you and your child trust, like and believe is competent. – Get references. Ask for the names of other parents or professionals who can recommend a potential counselor or therapist. There is no better reference than a credible recommendation and past success with similar problems. Medications. The use of medication can present a real solution and a real problem for most parents. Medications can have a powerful effect on the mood and behavior of children. For parents who have tried â€Å"everything else†, medications can make the difference between a life lost and a chance to become a reasonably successful adult. There are certain realities when one decides to use medication. For one thing, psychiatric medications for behavioral and mental health problems will treat the symptoms and not the cause. Medications do not cure psychological, emotional and behavioral problems. Psychiatric medications that are used to treat depression, anxiety, mood swings, attention deficits, hyperactivity and disorganized thinking always affect another part of a child’s body and brain. These â€Å"side-effects† are not clearly understood and the long term impact on growing children is still uncertain. Law suites are surfacing and legislators are proposing legislation to address recognized dangers in the wrongful medication on children. While one should be cautious about the use of medications to treat behavioral problems, there is certainly a place for these drugs. In severe cases, and cases where parents cannot afford therapy and special schools, medications can bring hope to an otherwise hopeless situation. In some cases, children may require medication to simply participate in school, family activities and counseling or therapy. More importantly, a child’s personality and attitude in life will be damaged if that child is left in a depressed, anxious or otherwise dysfunctional state for an extended period of time. Medication can be a â€Å"life boat† and deterrent against psychological and social trauma that come from serious but temporary problems that would otherwise destroy a child’s attitude toward life. But before you start any medication, ask your pharmacist for information on the side effects. The Power of Parenting and Family. Parents and family members can have the most powerful impact of a child’s behavior, attitude and approach to life. Put simply, children are persuaded and impressed by the people they spend the most time with and the people who matter most. That should be the child’s parents and family. Why? Because a therapist can only provide an exceptional environment, relationship and activities for an hour or so a week. Individual counseling and therapy may not be enough for most children – especially if that child is facing social pressure, temptations, painful experiences and inappropriate role models during the remainder of the week. In most cases, individual therapy or counseling without parental or family involvement is not enough. In some cases, therapy and counseling can result in a child developing unrealistic expectation of their parents and family. It is easier to be a therapist than it is to be a parent. This is why family education and involvement in counseling and therapy may be essential. Therapy and counseling should never replace the essential role of parents or a family. It should support those roles. But if parents are unwilling or unable to become involved with their child or in therapy, then therapy can provide the support that some children desperately need. Peers and Social Pressure. At a very early age, many children are profoundly influenced by their peers. It has been repeatedly observed in social science that children learn behaviors and will adopt the attitude of children they are emotionally bonded with. As children begin to bond with other children, they seek approval, advice and even direction for their life. The struggle for independence and separation from parents is a natural process. However, problems will invariably surface, attitudes may become hostile, and values can become lost when parents become less involved with their children. Social pressure is a powerful tendency for children to imitate and adopt the behavior and emotional sensitivity of others. Children begin to think the way they talk with their friends. Children tend to become what they think about.

Coping with a wafler

Dealing with People that Make Your Life Difficult Principles of supervision week 4 Individual work 2 Abstract This paper will discuss the waffled employee and how does It compare to a hasty person. The term â€Å"waffled† generally refers to an individual who has a tough time making and sticking to decisions. Introduction A waffled is a person that stalls and changes his or her mind often. Most of the time, a â€Å"waffled† means well but fears making the wrong decision. I honestly don't see anything wrong with a person not wanting to make the wrong decision.Just be mindful of the consequences. Waffled Like most of us, a when faced with a situation, a wafer will weigh in on the pros and cons. The only negative aspect to a wafer is that his or her stalling in a fast-paced environment can be seen as a problem. The best possible way to connect with a waffled Is to develop a professional relationship, one close enough to show her she Is welcomed or liked. The key goal to co ping with a waffled is make the Individual feel accepted, a part of the team. Making a suggestion like going to lunch or how was your keen, helps out a lot when faced with a waffled.It's best that when dealing with a waffled to always provide feedback, whether good back and let the individual know you are here to help. Waffled vs. hasty person I think a waffled will focus on fitting In versus a hasty person who doesn't care to fit In. A hasty person may often display a nasty demeanor toward others for no reason at all. They could be having a bad day and they will blame you for it. A waffled is usually a pleasant individual. I have a co-worker on my job, who upon completion of this assignment, reminds me of a wafer.

Twelve Tables of Rome essays

Twelve Tables of Rome essays The Twelve Tables are the early codes of Roman law. The date that is most accepted is 450 B.C., when these laws were created. These laws are also the earliest pieces of literature coming from the Romans. It was said that the laws were constructed because of the struggles between the plebeians and patricians. Ten laws was drafted at first, and then later, two more were added. These laws formed an important part of the foundation of all subsequent Western civil and criminal law. The laws were written on tablets, said to have been inscribed on bronze. They were probably destroyed when the Gauls attacked and burned Rome in the invasion of 387 B.C. On the twelve tablets that make up these laws, there are many different pieces of each individual law. Not all of the pieces are still know today, because they probably were lost when the tablets were destroyed. If someone was to talk or write about all twelve tables, it would be extremely long, so this is going to explain one or two of them. On Table IV, it talks about the rights the father has in the family. The father had power over all his descendants, male and female. He was called the pater familias, and all those under his control were said to be in potestate. He had the power of life and death over them. The fist law on the table says A dreadfully deformed child shall be quickly killed. That is obviously not practiced today, but you can make a connection with acts that are done. When someone is very sick, and really doesnt live a life anymore, just lying in a hospital bed, a family member is allowed to make the decision to pull the plugs of the medical instruments if it is in the persons will. The person in some ways is deformed, being how they cant move and participate in anything. People dont want to live in pain, so they quickly end it for them. The child aspect of the law doesnt apply to...

Board Game

Board games have many benefits. To one person it just passes time and to another person it helps with strategy skills. According to Alvin Rosenfeld, He states, â€Å"Nothing bolsters his (or hers) self-esteem more! So why not pull out an old board game tonight? Playing games is an easy and excellent way to spend unhurried, enjoyable time together. As an added bonus, board games are also rich in learning opportunities† (http://www2. scholastic. com/browse/article. jsp? id=2060). Although it is posted more towards kids I believe as adults we are still finding learning opportunities through board games. While a kid may be looking for a game learning about the alphabet, a teenager might be learning how to be some one at Risk cause is friend is really good. The following games will be discussed in this research paper: Mouse Trap, Risk, and Yahtzee. Major film junkies would know this famous French Director. His name is Albert Lamorisse. Before he was ever a famous French director he had an idea for a board game called, Conquer the World (or in French, â€Å"La Conquete du Monde†). He took it to a publishing company and he gave them idea that the game, â€Å"proved simple enough for novices to play, yet complex and realistic enough to enthrall even sophisticated war-game players† (http://www. indepthinfo. com/risk/history. shtml). The game became a huge success. Then a couple of year down the road Parker Brothers picked it up and it became a success here in America. This Game is called Risk. What influenced the game to be made were mostly likely the wars that were going on for example the Cold war, Korean War, and Vietnam War. That was just in America. The French were going though war themselves. Risk was one of goes games that challenge your mind and make you think do they actually help you out. I know that Risk and other games similar like it. They are games that are wonderful for a wide variety of reasons. The next game would be Mouse Trap. Mouse Trap is the famous game where your pawn is a mouse and you are building a mouse trap hoping that the opposite player gets caught first under the cage of it. In 1963 Mouse Trap game first published by Ideal for two or more players. It was designed by Hank Kramer of Ideal Toy Company, allowed the players almost no decision-making, in keeping with other games for very young children such as Candy land, or Chutes and Ladders. Hand eye coordination benefits Kids and Adult in this game in many ways, â€Å"Apart from that, there are certain specific situations, like playing tennis, juggling balls, solving board puzzles, etc, which require greater degree of coordination. It is not too difficult for a person to improve his hand-eye coordination, providing he is willing to work towards the same. † (http://lifestyle. iloveindia. om/lounge/hand-eye-coordination-1556. html) . Mouse Trap for me was one of my favorite games and well as my moms. I remember playing this game a lot as a kid. We would always lose the Marble that came with the game as well. Yahtzee was invented by a Canadian couple in 1954. It was said that, â€Å"They invented the game, in order to entertain their friends on their yacht. Whenever anyone was invited aboard, they were taught how to play the Yacht game. Their friends enjoyed the game so much that everyone wanted copies of the game for themselves. So in 1956, the couple approached Edwin S. Lowe, a toy maker. They placed an order with him to make up a few samples of the game, so they can distribute it among their friends. Lowe liked the game so much that he offered to buy the rights for it† (http://www. yahtzeeonline. org/yahtzee-history. php). The couple agreed to sell the rights to Edwin. While the couple named the game â€Å"Yacht† Edwin changed the name to Yahtzee. Yahtzee didn’t do good right off when it published it’s first commercial in 1956 but through throwing Yahtzee Parties the game became a huge success. It is my belief that game became a huge success due to people who loved to gamble. It was similar to gambling but the family could all join in. Any game with dice is always a game of chance if your going to win a lot in Las Vegas and lose a lot. I think that is the same way with Yahtzee. All of these three games changed the culture of gaming through three different ways. Risk Help build strategy and thinking that was influenced by the wars going on in that time frame. Mouse Trap was a fun way for kids to build coordination and confidence in kids and adults. Yahtzee was a way people could play with dice and chance if they were going get Yahtzee or just of bunch of sixes to write on their card. All of the games most likely will be family favorites for awhile.

Research Papre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Research Papre - Essay Example This process gets more aggravated when the people cut more trees, which are absorbers of carbon emitted. If we look at history of earth, we can notice that the earth has cooled and heated alternatively in a gradual span of time. The climate of the earth change according to the intensity of sun light receive or due to shift in the orbital movement of earth. However, in the recent times, one force which has alleviated the heating process of earth is humanity. As per (wiscombe,2012)â€Å"The global average surface temperature rose 0.6 to 0.9 degrees Celsius (1.1 to 1.6 ° F) between 1906 and 2005, and the rate of temperature increase has nearly doubled in the last 50 years†. Global warming can be described as a swift increase in the temperature of earth due to a vast release of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere due to the burning up of fossils by humans. The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon where in the infrared radiation emitted by atmosphere heat up the planet’s surface. The term â€Å"greenhouse effect† derived from an analogy where the heating up of air inside a greenhouse is compared with the air present outside the greenhouse. Apart from earth, the planets Venus and Mars also experience greenhouse effect. Naturally earth receives heat in the form of radiation from sun and 30% of this incoming energy is solar radiation. The 70% of remaining solar energy is absorbed by the land, ocean and atmosphere of the earth. This natural process occurs in order to give the earth a temperature which is of a stable state and not to allow rapid heating or cooling in the earth’s atmosphere. Generally speaking, only one percent of the earth’s atmosphere is comprised of greenhouse gases .But this greenhouse gas has a feature of trapping heat in the atmosphere and creating a warm blanket of air around the planet. This is what is known as â€Å"green house effect†. Without this greenhouse